新装Ubuntu 18.04后，除了装ROS，这8个办公软件和配置一个都不能少（附详细命令）

新装Ubuntu 18.04后除了装ROS这8个办公软件和配置一个都不能少附详细命令刚拿到一台预装Ubuntu 18.04的新机器时很多开发者会直奔ROS安装教程而去。但真正高效的工作流需要先搭建一个能打仗的基础环境。本文将分享一套经过实战检验的配置方案涵盖文档处理、远程协作、开发工具等关键场景让你在30分钟内打造出开箱即用的生产力工作站。1. 系统基础调优让Ubuntu跑得更顺畅1.1 更换软件源加速下载国内用户首先需要解决软件下载速度问题。将默认源替换为阿里云镜像操作如下sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak sudo sed -i s|http://.*archive.ubuntu.com|https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g /etc/apt/sources.list sudo sed -i s|http://.*security.ubuntu.com|https://mirrors.aliyun.com|g /etc/apt/sources.list sudo apt update注意执行完记得运行sudo apt update刷新软件列表1.2 解决常见权限问题新系统常遇到的sudo权限问题可以通过以下命令修复sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/2. 办公三件套文档处理解决方案2.1 WPS Office完整安装虽然Ubuntu自带LibreOffice但WPS对中文文档的兼容性更佳wget https://wdl1.cache.wps.cn/wps/download/ep/Linux2019/10161/wps-office_11.1.0.10161_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i wps-office_*.deb sudo apt install -f安装后可能缺少中文字体补全方案sudo apt install ttf-mscorefonts-installer wget https://github.com/iamdh4/ttf-wps-fonts/archive/master.zip unzip master.zip sudo cp ttf-wps-fonts-master/* /usr/share/fonts2.2 PDF阅读与批注推荐Foxit Reader作为PDF解决方案wget https://cdn01.foxitsoftware.com/pub/foxit/reader/desktop/linux/2.x/2.4/en_us/FoxitReader2.4.0.23094_Server_x64_enu_Setup.run.tar.gz tar -xzf FoxitReader*.tar.gz chmod x FoxitReader*.run ./FoxitReader*.run3. 开发工具链配置3.1 VSCode及其必备插件安装最新版VSCodecurl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | gpg --dearmor microsoft.gpg sudo install -o root -g root -m 644 microsoft.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-archive-keyring.gpg echo deb [archamd64 signed-by/usr/share/keyrings/microsoft-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vscode.list sudo apt update sudo apt install code推荐安装的ROS开发插件ROSC/CPythonCMake ToolsDocker3.2 MATLAB安装指南对于需要数学建模的用户sudo mkdir /media/matlab sudo mount -o loop R2019b_Linux.iso /media/matlab cd /media/matlab sudo ./install安装完成后配置桌面快捷方式cat EOF ~/.local/share/applications/matlab.desktop [Desktop Entry] NameMATLAB R2019b Exec/usr/local/MATLAB/R2019b/bin/matlab -desktop Icon/usr/local/MATLAB/R2019b/toolbox/shared/dastudio/resources/MatlabIcon.png TypeApplication CategoriesDevelopment; EOF4. 效率工具集4.1 ToDesk远程控制实现跨平台远程办公wget https://dl.todesk.com/linux/todesk_4.1.0_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i todesk_*.deb sudo apt --fix-broken install4.2 Chrome浏览器安装避免Firefox的兼容性问题wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb sudo apt --fix-broken install配置中文显示sudo apt install fonts-noto-cjk fonts-noto-cjk-extra5. 系统美化与个性化5.1 GNOME扩展管理安装扩展管理工具sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell推荐扩展Dash to Panel任务栏优化Arc Menu开始菜单Clipboard Indicator剪贴板历史5.2 终端优化方案安装zsh和oh-my-zshsudo apt install zsh sh -c $(wget https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)推荐主题和插件git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting修改~/.zshrc配置ZSH_THEMEagnoster plugins(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)6. 必备系统工具6.1 截图工具Flameshot比默认截图工具更强大sudo apt install flameshot设置快捷键进入Settings → Devices → Keyboard添加自定义快捷键Name: FlameshotCommand: flameshot gui设置快捷键为CtrlAltA6.2 磁盘分析工具可视化查看磁盘使用情况sudo apt install baobab7. 开发环境辅助工具7.1 Docker安装与配置容器化开发环境搭建sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - sudo add-apt-repository deb [archamd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic stable sudo apt update sudo apt install docker-ce配置用户组权限sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER} su - ${USER}7.2 网络调试工具集安装常用网络工具sudo apt install net-tools wireshark tcpdump配置Wireshark非root运行sudo dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common sudo usermod -aG wireshark $USER8. 备份与同步方案8.1 Timeshift系统备份配置自动系统快照sudo apt install timeshift推荐配置策略每周保留1个快照每月保留1个快照排除/home目录单独备份8.2 坚果云同步安装跨平台文件同步工具wget https://www.jianguoyun.com/static/exe/installer/nutstore_linux_dist_x64.tar.gz tar -zxvf nutstore_linux_dist_x64.tar.gz cd nutstore_linux_dist_x64 ./install.sh配置自动启动cp /usr/share/applications/nutstore.desktop ~/.config/autostart/